Skip to main content

Batrachospermum :Origin ,strucutre ,Thallus organisation and reproduction

                                              Batrachospermum Occurrence:-   (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga.    (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams.   (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green.   (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments.   (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure  (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous.  (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous.   (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth        are developed on this axis.  (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged.  (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells.   (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes.   (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes:       Branches of limited growth        Branches of unlimited growth Batra

Plant growth and development


                     PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

Growth:

It is a characteristic of living beings within which associate irreversible permanent increase in size of associate organ or its elements occur or a rise within the size of a cell.

Types of rate of growth :-


Plant growth
Development in plant


Growth rate are often outlined because the increase in growth per unit time.

• Plants show 2 kinds of growth—Arithmetic and Geometric—according to the rise shown by the expansion rate.

Arithmetic growth –

Only one cell continues to divide whereas others differentiate or mature. Example:-  root elongation at constant rate.


Geometric Growth –

 Initial growth is slow (lag phase), followed by a fast increase in growth (log/exponential phase), and followed by a part wherever growth slows down (stationary phase). Example − all cells, tissues and organs show this sort of growth.

Conditions for Growth :-

Include: water, oxygen, nutrients and temperature.

Differentiation, adaptation and Redifferentiation:

Differentiation:-

In this method, cells derived from root top and shoot top meristems and cambium differentiate and mature to perform specific functions.


Dedifferentiation

o method within which living differentiated cells regain their capability to divide.

Redifferentiation

o method within which differentiated cells that have lost their ability to divide ar reformed from uniform cells and have the power to perform specific functions.


Development:-

Development – changes within the life cycle.

 • malleability – completely different sorts of structure in response to setting or phases of life.

• Eg. Heteropylly in cotton and coriander. In these plants, leaves have completely different shapes supported the part of life cycle further because the home ground.

Root Apical Part
Root Apical Meristem

• Development also can be termed as-Growth+differentiation

Development is controlled by intrinsic further as unessential factors.

o Intrinsic-Genetic issue and plant plant hormone.

o unessential − lightweight, temperature, water, oxygen, etc.

Plant Growth Regulators / Phytohormones:

 Classification supported their nature of action:


• Plant growth promoters. – Auxins, Gibberellins and Cytokinins.

• Plant growth inhibitors - Absissic acid (ABA)

• olefine could slot in either of the 2 teams, however is essentially associate matter.


Types of phytohormones:

Auxins

• Gibberellins • Cytokinins
• Ethylene • Abscisic acid

Auxins :-

Discovery :– auxins were discovered by naturalist and Francis Darwin.

Isolation :– they were isolated from tips of coleoptiles of oat seedlings by F.W.Went as IAA and IBA.

Effects: –

Initiate development in stem cuttings, plant propagation.

• Promote flowering, stop fruit anf leaf drop.

• Promote abscission of older mature leaves.

Uses:-

 • Induce apomixis

• wide used as herbicides (2,4 – D)

• To kill dicotyledonous weeds

• Prepare weed free lawns.

 • Controls vascular tissue differentiation and helps in cellular division

Gibberellins :-

Discovery :

 E. film maker known gibbereilins gift in an exceedingly flora infective agent Gibberella fujikuroi.


Isolation:


Infected rice seedlings once treated with sterile filtrates of plant life.


Effects:

• GA’S ar acidic.

• Increase long, cause fruits to elongate and improve its form.

 • Delay senescence, extend the market amount.

• GA3 accustomed speed up malting method in production.


Uses:

• Spraying sugarcane crop with this

 • will increase length of stem

• Fastens maturity amount.

• Promotes bolting.


Cytokinins

Discovery :

 Skoog and Miller Isolation:

Crystallized it promoting active substance named it kinetin from coconut milk, corn – kernels.

Effects:

• they're synthesized wherever fast cellular division takes place

 • manufacture new leaves, chloroplasts in leaves, lateral shoot growth and extrinsic shoot formation.

Uses:

• facilitate overcome top dominance

 • Promote nutrient mobilization that helps within the delay of leaf senescence.

Ethylene (gaseous hormone):

Discovery :

 Cousins confirmed the discharge of a volatile substance from ripe  oranges that hastened the ripening of keep world organisation ripe  bananas.

Effects:

Promotes senescence and abscission

• extremely effective in fruit ripening

 • Enhances the respiration rate

• Breaks seed and bud dormancy

 • Initiates germination in peanut seeds.

 • ontogenesis potato tubers, promotes root growth plant organ formation.

Uses:

Used to initiate flowering, for synchronizing fruit, induces flowering, regulates physiological processes.

 • Hastens fruit ripening, accelerates abscission and Promotes feminine flowers.

Abscisic Acid (ABA):

Discovery: Researchers.

Isolation: three sorts of inhibitors - matter – B, abscission ll & dormin.

Effects:

 • Regulates abscission dormancy

 • ABA stimulates the closure of stomata

• will increase tolerance, seed development

• Maturation, dormancy, stand up to desiccation.

Uses:

• There aren't any. of events in an exceedingly plant

 • wherever over one PGR act to have an effect on that event, example - Dormancy in seeds / buds abscission, senescence, top dominance.

Photoperiodism



• it's the response of plants to periods of day/night



Photoperidism
Photoperodism
 • Some plants need periodic exposure to lightweight to induce flowering. length of dark amount is equally vital for flowering.

Long Day Plants − Plants that need exposure to lightweight for a amount prodigious important length to induce flowering.


Short Day Plants − Plants that need exposure to lightweight for a amount but this important amount to induce flowering.

Day Neutral Plants- Plants wherever no correlation betweenexposure to lightweight length and induction of flowering.

Vernalization :-


It is the development of dependence of flowering on exposure to temperature.
• Example − Biennial plants These ar plant life plants that flower then die in second season. Some examples ar sugar beet, cabbage, carrot, etc.

Cell Structure And Function/Cell Biology

Comments

  1. I am happy to find this post useful for me, as it contains lot of information. I always prefer to read the quality content and this thing I found in you post. Thanks for sharing.
    Full Spectrum LED Grow Light

    ReplyDelete

Post a Comment

Thanks

Popular posts from this blog

Batrachospermum :Origin ,strucutre ,Thallus organisation and reproduction

                                              Batrachospermum Occurrence:-   (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga.    (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams.   (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green.   (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments.   (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure  (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous.  (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous.   (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth        are developed on this axis.  (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged.  (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells.   (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes.   (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes:       Branches of limited growth        Branches of unlimited growth Batra

Biological Classification of Phylum Porifera and Ctenophora

                               Kingdom Animalia Phylum Porifera  :- The name of this phylum is due to presence of pores on the surface of this members. Ostia and osculum . (a) Sycon                                (b) Euspongia Characters of this phyla :- (1)            Cellular level of organization(new body is formed by the help of cell ) (2)            Acoelomate (coelomic cavity absent ) (3)            Water Canal  system is present. (4)            They are mainly marine but some members lives in fresh water (Euspongia). (5)            Diploblastic (Presence of only two germ layers). (6)            Their body is supported by skeleton called spicules which are made up of Calcium carbonate, Silica or Spongyn fibre. (7)            Digestion is intacellular. (8)            Asexual reproduction is by internal and external budding or gemmule formation . (9)            Development is indirect and  by the amphiblastula larva. (10)           Exc

Human Reproductin Class 12th Notes-Male Reproductive Part

                               Human Reproduction The Male Reproductive Part:-                                                 It includes a pair of the testis, glands, and external genitalia. 1. The testis is present outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch-like structure called Scrotum. 2. The scrotum helps in maintaining its temperature - 2C lower than normal body temperature, because it is necessary for spermatogenesis. 3. Each testis has 250 compartments called testicular lobules. 4. Each testicular lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubules 5. Seminiferous tubules contain Male germ cells(Spermatogonia) and steroli cells, Male germ cells meiotically divide and form sperms. 6. Leydig's cells provide nourishment to the sperms and secrets of the Androgens hormone. 7. Male sex accessory includes Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vasa deferentia. Sperm release Pathway    The male accessory glands include paired  seminal vesicles , prostat