Batrachospermum Occurrence:- (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga. (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams. (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green. (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments. (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous. (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous. (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth are developed on this axis. (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged. (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells. (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes. (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes: Branches of limited growth Branches of unlimited growth Batra
Human Reproduction The Male Reproductive Part:- It includes a pair of the testis, glands, and external genitalia. 1. The testis is present outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch-like structure called Scrotum. 2. The scrotum helps in maintaining its temperature - 2C lower than normal body temperature, because it is necessary for spermatogenesis. 3. Each testis has 250 compartments called testicular lobules. 4. Each testicular lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubules 5. Seminiferous tubules contain Male germ cells(Spermatogonia) and steroli cells, Male germ cells meiotically divide and form sperms. 6. Leydig's cells provide nourishment to the sperms and secrets of the Androgens hormone. 7. Male sex accessory includes Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vasa deferentia. Sperm release Pathway The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles , prostat