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Showing posts with the label Botany

Batrachospermum :Origin ,strucutre ,Thallus organisation and reproduction

Batrachospermum Occurrence:- (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga. (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams. (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green. (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments. (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous. (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous. (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth are developed on this axis. (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged. (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells. (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes. (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes: Branches of limited growth Branches of unlimited growth Batra

Poaceae -Graminae Family

What plant is the largest member of the Poaceae family? Which plant belongs to the grass family? What genus is grass? What genus is grass? POACEAE (GRAMINAE) Habitat :- Herb : - Non-cultivated and non-woody stem. Which can be easily broken. Its height is about between 1 to 2 feet. E.g. wheat, rice, maize, etc. Oryza Sativa Shrub: Woody stem, height is about 3-4 feet and having a bush-like appearance. Wheat Tree: Woody stem which is hard and can’t easily broke it and large in size. E.g. bamboo Bamboo Annual : Those plant which can live in one year to complete its life cycle in one year either seed germination and flowering. E.g. wheat, maize, etc. Biennial : Those plant which can complete its life cycle in two years.

Classification of Angiosperms Flowering plants

Classification of Angiosperms :-The Flowering Plants Monocots :- Single cotyledon Parallel veins Flowers in multiples of 3’s Dicots :- Two cotyledons Netted veins Flowers in multiples of 2, 4, or 5. MONOCOT-PLANT Dicot plant FRUITS :- SIMPLE Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat) Fleshy (peach, plum, apple, tomato, grape). AGGREGATE Flowers with several carpels Raspberry, strawberry. MULTIPLE Cluster of flowers Pineapple. SIMPLE.AGGREGATED AND MULTIPLE FRUITS SEED STRUCTURES :- Micropyle Opening through which the pollen tube grows to deliver pollen to the ovary (ovules).

Features ,Distribution and Habit of family -Brassicaceae(cruciferae)

Brassicaceae Diagnostic feature :- (1) Plants herbs with characterstics pungent sulphur smell. (2) Flowers ebractate,bimerous,hypogynous. (3) Inflorescence corymb or corymbose raceme. (4) Sepals 4,polysepalous,in two whoral of two each. (5) Petals 4,polyandrous,cruciform,uniguiculate. (6) Stemans 6 ,polyandrous,tetradynamous. (7) Gynoecium bicarpellary,syncarpous,ovary superiorbecomes bilocular by a false septum,parietal placentation. (8) Fruit siliqua or silicula. Distribution and habits :- The family has 375 genera and 3000 species .Plants are cosmopolitian but occur more frequently in colder regions ,plants are mostly herbs,which may be annuals ,biennial or perinnials .Plants have juices due of sulphur containing glucosides. Brasscia napus (Rapeseeds) Root :- Tap root system .Primary root may store food (raddish). Stem :- Herbeceous ,erect,cylindrical rarely,woody,often re

Habit,Habitat and Distribution-Poaceae Family

Poaceae Diagnostic Features :- (1) Stem,cylinder,jointed,with generally hollow internodes and intercalary meristems. (2) Leaves ligulate,simple and forms sheathing around base. (3) Flowers arranged in spikelets which in turn are grouped in spike or panicles. (4) Each flower is sessile,bisexual may be unisexual ,zygomorphic,hypogynous. (5) Each flower is covered by scales,That is lemma and plea.The lemma has a stiff awn. (6) Perianth 2-3 called lodicules. (7) Anthers divaricate and versatile. (8) Monocarpellary,ovary superior,unilocular. Distribution and habit:- It is a family with worldwide distribution.Inindia ,the family is represented by 239 genera and 1180 species. Root :- Adeventatious root system,stilt roots are present in sugercane and maize to give extra .support. Stem :- Herbaceous,may be modification to rhizome,stolon or runn

Ovule,Megasporogenesis and Female Gametophyte

Ovule,Megasprogenesis and Female Gametophyte Ovule :- Ovule is the Megasprangium of angiosprem in which the female gametophyte or embryo sac develops. Types of Ovule in Angiosperms :- Orthotropus :- It is the basic type of ovule found in angiosperms ,in which micropyle,chalaza and funicle lie in same axis .e.g. Polygonum . Anatropus : In this type ,the nucelleus remains straight .So micropyle,chalaza from a straight line . The ovule completely bends along the funicle and gets fused with it to look onverted.e.g.:-Solanacea. Amphitropus :- In this type ,the body of ovule is bent only halfway so that it comes to lie at right angle to the funicle . The fusion of integument and funicle is very little,and so hilum,chalaza and micropyle lie apart. E.g- Ranaulculacea. Campy