Human Reproduction

The Male Reproductive Part:-

                                                It includes a pair of the testis, glands, and external genitalia.

1. The testis is present outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch-like structure called Scrotum.

2. The scrotum helps in maintaining its temperature - 2C lower than normal body temperature, because it is necessary for spermatogenesis.

3. Each testis has 250 compartments called testicular lobules.

4. Each testicular lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubules

5. Seminiferous tubules contain Male germ cells(Spermatogonia) and steroli cells, Male germ cells meiotically divide and form sperms.

6. Leydig's cells provide nourishment to the sperms and secrets of the Androgens hormone.

7. Male sex accessory includes Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vasa deferentia.

Sperm release Pathway

   The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles, prostate glands, and paired bulbourethral glands.

   Accessory glands secrete seminal plasma which is rich in fructose, calcium and some enzymes

Male Reproductive Part

   The secretion of the bulbourethral gland also helps in lubricating the penis.

External genitalia-

The penis is the male external genitalia.

Some special tissues make up the penis which helps in the erection of the penis.

The enlarged end of the penis called the glans penis. The foreskin, a loose fold of tissue covers the glans penis.

Female reproductive Part:- 

Ovary:-     

          The primary female sex organs that produce the ovum and several ovarian hormones, steroids in nature.

Located one on each side of the lower abdomen.

Each ovary is covered by a thin epithelium which encloses the ovarian stroma.

The ovarian stroma is divided into two zones – a peripheral cortex and an inner medulla.

Fallopian tubes:- 

          Two thin tubes attached to the upper sides of the uterus

 Tubes terminate near the ovaries but are not attached

"Fimbriae" are finger-like structures on the end of each tube

Tubes conduct egg to the uterus by use of small hairs called "cilia"

Fertilization of ovum takes place in the ampullary-isthmic junction of the fallopian tubes. Egg viable for only 24-48 hours after ovulation.

Uterus

The uterus is also called the womb.

The shape of the uterus is like an inverted pear. Ligaments attached to the pelvic wall support the uterus.

The narrow cervix opens the uterus into the vagina. The cervical canal is the cavity of the cervix which forms the birth canal along with the vagina.

Three layers of tissues are present in the uterus wall- the outer thin membrane-bound perimetrium, a middle thick layer of smooth muscle called the myometrium, an inner glandular layer called the endometrium.

The endometrium lines the uterine cavity.

Female Reproductive Part

Endometrium shows cyclic changes but myometrium shows strong contraction during Parturition.

External genitalia

     The vagina is the female external genitalia.

      Vagina includes mons pubis, labia majora (labia majus), labia minora (labia minus), hymen and clitoris.

       Mons pubis is a cushion of fatty tissue covered by skin and pubic hair.

       The labia majora are folds of tissue extend down from the mons pubis and surround the vaginal opening.

       Under the labia major, there are paired tissue folded to form labia monra.

       The hymen is a membrane covering the opening of the vagina.

       A tiny finger-like structure that lies at the upper junction of the two labia minora above the urethral opening is called the clitoris.

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