Kingdom Monera | Bacteria | Archaebacteria | Cyanobacteria | Mycoplasma Class 11th

Kingdom Monera

Characteristics:-

Eubacteria

A)   Bacteria are the soil members found everywhere, Hundreds of the bacteria found in a handful of the soil.

B)   They are also live in extreme conditions like hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep oceans. Where very few other life forms can survive.

C)  Mainly bacteria are Autotrophic, chemoautotrophic, and heterotrophic.

D)  According. To their shape, these are of 4-types.

Coccus:- Spherical shaped bacteria e.g.Stephlococcus.

Bacillus:- Rod-shaped bacteria,e.g.:- Bacillus thygrogenesis.

Vibrio:- comma-shaped bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholera.

Spiral:- Spiral shaped bacteria e.g. Spirilla.

Note:- 6^th kingdom classification was given by Robert Woose . He classifies Kingdom monera into two groups Archebacteria and Eubacteria

Archebacteria:-

Live in halophiles,thermoacidophilous and as a methanogens due to the different composition of cell wall.

e.g. Thermoacidophilous-Taq polymerase.which activate at 96c ,Methanogens.

Eubacteria:-

1. Presence of rigid cell wall by N-acetyl glucosamine.
2. If motile then flagella present.
3. The cyanobacteria live in a colony , unicellular and surrounded by a gelatinous sheath.
4. Due to the presence of chlorophyll a photosynthetic in nature.
5. Some bacteria fix Atmospheric nitrogen like Nostoc, Anabaena, and oscillators
6. They fix atmospheric nitrogen by specialized cell Heterocyst nitrogen.
7. Cyanobacteria form bloom in the polluted area.
8. Some bacteria help in the nutrition cycle.

Heterotrophic Bacteria:- useful -    curdling of milk, antibiotic, and fix atmospheric nitrogen.

Harmful – Cholera,typhoid,tetanus,citrus canker.

Cholera-Vibro cholera

Typhoid-salmonella typhii

Tetanus -clostridium titanii

Citrus canker-Xanthomonas citri.

Mycoplasma:-

• Cell wall absent, trilayer
• Simple living without oxygen, pathogenic in animal and plants.
• Also called jokers of microbial work.
• In cells of mycoplasma alimentary body is present support in sexual recombination.
• They change their body shaped due to the absence of cell wall.

Cell Structure:-

• 70s Type of ribosomes -50s+30s.
• Incipient chromosomes present which is like a Nucleoid body.Circular single-stranded DNA.

Bacterial cell

• Rotation of cytoplasm absent due to the absence of microfilaments.so cyclosis process absent.
• The amitotic process-Spindle formation is absent in amitotic division
• Obligatory aerobic-bacillus
• Obligatory anaerobic- clostridium

Actinomycetes - (Rey fungi) :-

e.g. T.B.- mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium leprosy.

Gram +ve bacteria –the bacteria which absorb gram strain and gives color.

Gram –ve bacteria- The bacteria which do not absorb gram strain and gives color.

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