Carboxylic Acids-Chemical Properties - Esterification

Carboxylic Acids-Chemical Properties - Esterification

Carboxylic Acid

Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids:-

Esterification:-

When alcohols or phenols react with carboxylic acids then esters are formed in the presence of concentration. H2SO4 or HCl as a catalyst.Carboxylic Acids-Chemical Properties

Esterification

Reaction with PCl5, SOCl2:-

When the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid is easily replaced by chlorine atom when it is treated by (PCl_5), (SOCl_2) as the products which are produced are gaseous in nature and can escape from the reaction mixture making the purification easier.

Reaction with PCl5

   
Reduction:-
With diborane, NaBH4, and lithium aluminum hydride, carboxylic acids are reduced to primary alcohols.

Reduction

Carboxylation:-

Carboxylic acids lose carbon dioxide to form hydrocarbons when their sodium salts are
heated with soda-lime and this the reaction is called decarboxylation.

Carboxylation

Halogenation:-
Carboxylic acids having α-hydrogen are halogenated at α-position when treated with bromine or chlorine in the presence of the small amount of red phosphorus to give α-halo
carboxylic acids.
This reaction is known as Hell-Volhard –Zelinsky reaction.

Halogenation

Physical properties of Carboxylic acid:- 

Aliphatic carboxylic acids having nine or fewer carbon atoms. They are colorless at room temperature and have an unpleasant smell.
The higher acids are wax-like solids and are odorless because of their low volatility.
Carboxylic acids have a higher boiling point when compared to Ketones, aldehyde or alcohols of comparable masses. This high boiling point is because of the extensive association of their molecules via intermolecular hydrogen bonding.
The simple aliphatic carboxylic acids get dissolved in water as they can form hydrogen bonds with water.
As the number of carbon atoms in carboxylic acids increases their solubility decreases.


This happens due to the increase in the hydrophobic interaction of the hydrocarbon part of the acid.
Higher carboxylic acids do not dissolve in water. Less polar organic solvents like
benzene, alcohols and chloroform dissolve carboxylic acids.

Chemical Properties: HCN, NaHCO3, R-OH | (Hindi) Aldehyde, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids: JEE/Pre-Medical Exams