Batrachospermum Occurrence:- (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga. (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams. (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green. (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments. (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous. (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous. (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth are developed on this axis. (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged. (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells. (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes. (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes: Branches of limited growth Branches of unlimited growth Batra
Corona Virus
History and origin of Corona virus :- First human corona virus characterised in 1960 ,later in 2003;5 more human infected corona virus identified including the severe acute respiratory infection corona virus .NL63 is newly identified group of corona virus which include Nl and the haven corona virus .
these viruses are associated with lower and upper respiratory tract and cause respiratory infections.
Corona is a group of viruses that causes disease in Mammals and birds .Some basic examples of corona virus is Common cold virus(Rhinovirus) but some examples are very dangerous or may be lethal :SARS,COVID-19,MERS and etc.SARS-COV firstly identified in 2003 and SARS-COV 2 idetified in 2019 Newly discovered Corona virus .
Structure of corona virus :- Corona virus is plriomorphic virus spherical with bulbulous projection
mainly it consist a lipid bilayer Membrane M,spike S,envelope E,and structural proteins are enchored .It show chracterstics with Reterovirus in which virus uses their RNA content as a genetic matrial.
Infection :- Infection begins with virus spike (S) glycoprotein attaches to host body.After attaches to host body release protease and activates the receptor-attached spike protein.O nentry in the host cell virus uncoated and the genome enter into the host cell .The coronavirus RNA genome has a 5′ methylated cap and a 3′ polyadenylated tail ,which allow the RNA's to attach with Host cell ribosomes and translate protein .
The host ribosome translates the initial overlapping open reading frame of the virus genome and forms a long polyprotein. The polyprotein has its own proteases which cleave the polyprotein into multiple nonstructural proteins.
After the formation of protein for new viral body ,it contain reverse transcriptase body by which its RNA content converted into the DNA copy (cDNA) then RNA disintergate and DNA makes teir copy and multiplication occur with the formation of Protein and DNA replication in CENTRAL DOGMA process.
DNA froms mRNA by transcription process and after this all the component protein of virus combine at golgi appratus point of host cell in elimination pathway.withthe protein protein interaction genome and virus combine with nucleocapsid layer and new virus spread through exocytosis process.
Prevention from corona virus :-
1.Use sanitizers after a particular time interval around every 30 minutes.
2.Social Distancing and ISOLATION .
3. Use mask .
4. In any Heath related problem contect with HELPLINE NUMBERS:-
+91-11-23978046.
5.Currently updated with news and Notifications. https://www.who.int/
6.Follow all the insruction and rule applied by governments.
7.Stay at Home and in isolated place.
WHO (WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION)report :-
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| Werstern pecific region |
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| Europe region |
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| south-western Asia region |
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| Regions of America |
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| Graph of infected Countries
The first case of the 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic in India was reported on 30 January 2020, originating from China. As of 26 March 2020, the Indian Council of Medical Research and Ministry of Health and Family Welfare have confirmed a total of 649 cases, 42 recoveries, 1 migration and 13 deaths in the country.
Total Cases and Deaths :-
Total Cases =472,529
New Cases =1,561
Total Deaths =21,305
New Death =27
Total recovered =114,740
Active Cases=336,484
Serious /critical =14,800
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