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Batrachospermum :Origin ,strucutre ,Thallus organisation and reproduction

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                                              Batrachospermum Occurrence:-   (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga.    (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams.   (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green.   (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments.   (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure  (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous.  (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous.   (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth        are developed on this axis.  (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged.  (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells.   (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes.   (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes:       Branches of limited growth        Branches of unlimited growth Batra
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Classification of Angiosperms Flowering plants

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Classification of Angiosperms:-The Flowering Plants


Monocots:-
         Single cotyledon
                     Parallel veins
                     Flowers in multiples of 3’s
Dicots:-
                     Two cotyledons
                      Netted veins
                      Flowers in multiples of 2, 4, or 5.




Monocot plant
MONOCOT-PLANT


Dicot plant
Dicot plant
















    FRUITS:-

              SIMPLE
                      Dry (poppy seed, milkweed, wheat)
                      Fleshy (peach, plum, apple, tomato, grape).

AGGREGATE
                      Flowers with several carpels
                      Raspberry, strawberry.
MULTIPLE
                      Cluster of flowers
                       Pineapple.


Aggregate fruit
Simple fruit
Multiple fruit


SIMPLE.AGGREGATED AND MULTIPLE FRUITS

SEED STRUCTURES:- 

          Micropyle
                      Opening through which the pollen tube grows to deliver pollen to the ovary (ovules).
         Plumule
                       Epicotyl + embryonic leaves
                       First leaves to emerge during germination.
          Hypocotyl
                        Stem-like the area between radicle and cotyledon.
          Radicle
                        Embryonic root.
                        First to emerge from the seed during germination.
         Cotyledon              
                        The fleshy part of the seed; food storage for plant embryo until germination.
         Hilum
                        Seed scar; where the seed was attached to the ovary wall.
         Seed Coat
                        Covers and protects the seed during dormancy.

Typical Seed:-
      
Structure of typical seed
Typical seed
Germination
Dormancy:-
Allows seed to germinate when conditions are favorable.
How do you know germination has occurred?
Radicle emerges
Leaves:-
Photosynthesis begins
Cotyledons no longer needed.
        Factors that Trigger Germination:-
   Water
    Oxygen
    Temperature
    Light
    Fire
    Freezing temps.
   Animal digestive tract
    Hormones



















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