Poaceae -Graminae Family

What plant is the largest member of the Poaceae family?

Which plant belongs to the grass family?

What genus is grass?

 What genus is grass?      

                                                     

                                                      POACEAE (GRAMINAE)

                                                                    

Habitat:-

 Herb: - Non-cultivated and non-woody stem. Which can be easily broken. Its height is about between 1 to 2 feet. E.g. wheat, rice,  maize, etc.

Oryza Sativa

Shrub:  Woody stem, height is about 3-4 feet and having a bush-like appearance.

Wheat

Tree:

Woody stem which is hard and can’t easily broke it and large in size. E.g. bamboo

Bamboo

Annual: Those plant which can live in one year to complete its life cycle in one year either seed germination and flowering. E.g.  wheat, maize, etc.

Biennial: Those plant which can complete its life cycle in two years.

Perennial:- Those plant which can complete its life cycle in more than two years. E.g. bamboo

Root:

 Adventitious root: That root which arises from parts  other than radical.

Fibrous roots:-  Also adventitious root which are slender like structure and sharply branched. E.g. Zea mays.

Sugarcane

Stem:

Erect:  It means stem grow upright in position. E.g. wheat

Cylindrical: Straight and round ( circular in transverse section). E.g. Bamboo

Node and internodes:  Extension at some points of the stem which is repeated regularly from which leaf arises. The internode is the structure present in between two consecutive nodes. E.g. Sugar cane

Leaf:

 Simple: In which parallel venation is present.

Stipulated Leaf

Sessile: Petiole is absent.

Exstipulate: Stipule absent

Alternate: when leaf arises alternatively from a single node.

Ligulate: Ligule is present.

Parallel venation: Such arrangement of vein on  midrib of the leaf that further veinlet is not developed.

Leaf base sheathing: A structure at the base of a  leaf petiole that partly surrounds or protect the  

stem.

Inflorescence:  Spikelet inflorescence is found in Poaceae. Each spikelet consist of two perfect and one terminal imperfect  flower enclosed by two glumes

Flower:

Sessile:- Pedicel is absent

Bracteates: Bract is present.

Incomplete: If one or more floral leaves is missing.

Zygomorphic: : Flower can be divided into equal halves in one Plane only.

Bisexual: When both stamen and carpel present on plants.

Hypogynous: In which ovary is superior.

Perianth :

Combination of calyx and the corolla is called Perianth.

Two-minute lodicule borne below the reproductive part of  flower.

Androecium:

3 stamen

Polyandrous

Anther versatile

Inferior

Gynoecium

 Monocarpellary

Ovary superior

Basal placentation

Unilocular

Economic importance:

Food:  Triticum aestivum(wheat), Oryza sativa(rice), Zea mays  (Maize), Sorghum Vulgare (Jowar), Avena sativa (Oats), are cultivated  for cereals and food grains

.

Sugar: Saccharum officinarum (Sugarcane; H. Ganna) is cultivated for gur and sugar.

Building material: Some species of Bambusa e.g. B. tulda, B. Vulgaris are used for scaffolding, thatching huts, etc.

Furniture: Species of Dendrocalamus (H. Bent), Arundinaria, Melocalamus are used in the manufacture of furniture.

Paper: It is manufactured from certain species of grasses and bamboos.

Medicinal: Phragmites karka, Cymbopogon schoenanthus etc. are medicinal. Secale cereale is cultivated for the extraction of ergotine. Ergotine is an excellent remedy for uterine contraction.

Ornamental: Rhynchelytrum repens, Cortaderia selloana and some species of  the tribe 

Bambusoideae are ornamentals. Besides these a number of grasses are grown to form fine lawns,  playgrounds etc.

Important members:-

Triticum aestivum (wheat)

Oryza sativa (rice)

Hordeum vulgare (barley)

Zea mays (maize)

Sorghum Vulgare (jawar)

Floral Formula:  ^{† , 𝑃}2 𝑙𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠 ^{, 𝐴}3 ^𝐺1

Floral Diagram: