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Batrachospermum :Origin ,strucutre ,Thallus organisation and reproduction

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                                              Batrachospermum Occurrence:-   (1) Batrachospermum is fresh water alga.    (2) It is found in clear, cool, and running streams.   (3) Deepwater plants are dark violet or reddish in color. But the shallow-water species are olive green.   (4) The intensity of light changes the color of pigments.   (5) The thallus is attached to the substratum. Vegetative structure  (1) The thallus of an adult plant is soft, thick, filamentous.  (2) It is freely branched and gelatinous.   (3) The central axis is made up of a single row of large cells. Whorls of branches of limited growth        are developed on this axis.  (4) These branches are filamentous and dichotomously arranged.  (5) The main axis is corticated. It consists of a row of elongated cylindrical cells.   (6) It is differentiated into nodes and internodes.   (7) There are two types of branches that arise from the nodes:       Branches of limited growth        Branches of unlimited growth Batra
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Geological Time Table

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                                 Geological Time Table  Meaning of time Scale: Geological time scale may be a table showing the sequence of earth science periods within the history of earth.  Geological Time Table It additionally shows the lengths of your time totally different earth science periods square measure assumed to own occupied it's measured in a lot of years.  it's been made by learning rock strata, wherever these are exposed by excavations or mining or wherever rivers have cut deeply into the earth’s crust. Scientists have established that lower the rock layer the older it's and therefore the additional ancient square measure the fossils it contains.  With a data of rates of abrasion and deposition, the intervals occupied by totally different periods will be calculable roughly by measure the relative thicknesses of the rock strata. By the technique of radiometric geological dating (i.e. by measure the rates of decay of radioactiv
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Pinus -External Morphology,Internal Structure and Reproduction

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                             Pinus External morphology :- Root :-     The tree has a well developed tap root system . When the plant is growing on a shallow soil in the hills ,the lateral roots spread very wide to fix the plant firmly into the plant firmly into the   soil. Pinus Morphology Roots make association with fungi in the soil called mycorrhizae.it is kind of symbiotic association where the fungud does not affect the plant root bt provide soil nitrogen and phosphate and other minerals from root to the root . Stem :-   Stem is woodly and branched .the lower unbranched part of the stem is called Trunk  . (1)    Branch of limited growth (2)    Branch of unlimited growth . The branch is excurrent where the terminal bud or main stem shows more growth than the terminal buds of lateral branches .lateral branches   grow out from the main stem and are so disposed that the plant gives a conical appearance . Dwarf Shoots are   smal
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Osmoregulation in Pisces| Introduction, Types, Osmoregulation in Fish

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                      Osmoregulation in Pisces Osmoregulation :- Maintance of Internal body Concentration of salt ,minerals and water with the respective surrounding ,this process is called Osmoregulation. Osmoregulation Isotonic Solution :- The Concentration of two Solutions are equal with respect to each other is called Isotonic Solution. Hypotonic                    Isotonic                    Hypertonic Hypotonic Solution :- The Conentration of One solution is lower than other solution ,the lower one is called Hypotonic   solution . Hypertonic Solution :- The concentration of on solution is greater than other solution ,the greater one is called Hypertonic solution. Poikilosmotic Animals :- The organisms which has change their internal state by exchanging the mineral ,salts and water with surrounding .There are of two types – Stenohaline   (2) Euryohaline  1 Stenohaline :- The organism which can maintain their internal stat
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