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Kingdom Monera | Bacteria | Archaebacteria | Cyanobacteria | Mycoplasma Class 11th

Kingdom Monera Characteristics:- Eubacteria A) Bacteria are the soil members found everywhere, Hundreds of the bacteria found in a handful of the soil. B) They are also live in extreme conditions like hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep oceans. Where very few other life forms can survive. C) Mainly bacteria are Autotrophic, chemoautotrophic, and heterotrophic. D) According. To their shape, these are of 4-types. Coccus:- Spherical shaped bacteria e.g.Stephlococcus. Bacillus:- Rod-shaped bacteria,e.g.:- Bacillus thygrogenesis. Vibrio:- comma-shaped bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholera. Spiral:- Spiral shaped bacteria e.g. Spirilla. Note:- 6 th kingdom classification was given by Robert Woose . He classifies Kingdom monera into two groups Archebacteria and Eubacteria Archebacteria:- Live in halophiles,thermoacidophilous and as a methanogens due to the different composition of cell wall. e.g. Thermoacidophilous-Taq polymerase.which activate at 96c ,Meth

Human Reproductin Class 12th Notes-Male Reproductive Part

Human Reproduction The Male Reproductive Part:- It includes a pair of the testis, glands, and external genitalia. 1. The testis is present outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch-like structure called Scrotum. 2. The scrotum helps in maintaining its temperature - 2C lower than normal body temperature, because it is necessary for spermatogenesis. 3. Each testis has 250 compartments called testicular lobules. 4. Each testicular lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubules 5. Seminiferous tubules contain Male germ cells(Spermatogonia) and steroli cells, Male germ cells meiotically divide and form sperms. 6. Leydig's cells provide nourishment to the sperms and secrets of the Androgens hormone. 7. Male sex accessory includes Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vasa deferentia. Sperm release Pathway The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles , prostat

CBSE Class 12 || Chemistry in Everyday Life || Full Chapter

Chemistry in everyday life Medicines or Drugs :- The chemical substances helping of human body or an animal either from tratment of disease or to reduce suffering from pains,are called Medicines or Drugs . Chemotherpy :- The branch of science which deals with the study of tratment of disease using medicines ,is known as chemotherpy :- e.g. Cancer tratment. Classification of Medicines :- Antiseptics :- The medicines which are used to bring down the body temperature during high fever .e.g. Paracetamol,Novalgin,Quninoe,Aspirin,etc. Aspirin NOte :- Paracetamol is prefered over aspirin as an antipyretics beacause aspirine gets hydrolysed in the stomach to salicyclic acid,which causes "Ulcer" in stomach from where bleeding may take place. Paracetamol Antimalarials :- The medicines which are used to br

Features ,Distribution and Habit of family -Brassicaceae(cruciferae)

Brassicaceae Diagnostic feature :- (1) Plants herbs with characterstics pungent sulphur smell. (2) Flowers ebractate,bimerous,hypogynous. (3) Inflorescence corymb or corymbose raceme. (4) Sepals 4,polysepalous,in two whoral of two each. (5) Petals 4,polyandrous,cruciform,uniguiculate. (6) Stemans 6 ,polyandrous,tetradynamous. (7) Gynoecium bicarpellary,syncarpous,ovary superiorbecomes bilocular by a false septum,parietal placentation. (8) Fruit siliqua or silicula. Distribution and habits :- The family has 375 genera and 3000 species .Plants are cosmopolitian but occur more frequently in colder regions ,plants are mostly herbs,which may be annuals ,biennial or perinnials .Plants have juices due of sulphur containing glucosides. Brasscia napus (Rapeseeds) Root :- Tap root system .Primary root may store food (raddish). Stem :- Herbeceous ,erect,cylindrical rarely,woody,often re

Habit,Habitat and Distribution-Poaceae Family

Poaceae Diagnostic Features :- (1) Stem,cylinder,jointed,with generally hollow internodes and intercalary meristems. (2) Leaves ligulate,simple and forms sheathing around base. (3) Flowers arranged in spikelets which in turn are grouped in spike or panicles. (4) Each flower is sessile,bisexual may be unisexual ,zygomorphic,hypogynous. (5) Each flower is covered by scales,That is lemma and plea.The lemma has a stiff awn. (6) Perianth 2-3 called lodicules. (7) Anthers divaricate and versatile. (8) Monocarpellary,ovary superior,unilocular. Distribution and habit:- It is a family with worldwide distribution.Inindia ,the family is represented by 239 genera and 1180 species. Root :- Adeventatious root system,stilt roots are present in sugercane and maize to give extra .support. Stem :- Herbaceous,may be modification to rhizome,stolon or runn

Ovule,Megasporogenesis and Female Gametophyte

Ovule,Megasprogenesis and Female Gametophyte Ovule :- Ovule is the Megasprangium of angiosprem in which the female gametophyte or embryo sac develops. Types of Ovule in Angiosperms :- Orthotropus :- It is the basic type of ovule found in angiosperms ,in which micropyle,chalaza and funicle lie in same axis .e.g. Polygonum . Anatropus : In this type ,the nucelleus remains straight .So micropyle,chalaza from a straight line . The ovule completely bends along the funicle and gets fused with it to look onverted.e.g.:-Solanacea. Amphitropus :- In this type ,the body of ovule is bent only halfway so that it comes to lie at right angle to the funicle . The fusion of integument and funicle is very little,and so hilum,chalaza and micropyle lie apart. E.g- Ranaulculacea. Campy