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Frog-Digestion II ingestion II B.sc NotesII Class 11th notes

Frog-Digestion Digestion:- Mouth:- It is wide open bounded by the upper and lower jaw. Buccopharyngeal cavity: - The mouth leads into the buccal cavity that consists of Teeth:- Only the upper jaw contains teeth. All similar Homodont, Acrodont -not completely attached with bone, Crown, and base two-part present. Crown is formed by Dentine covered by Enamel. The tooth has a pupil cavity with Pulp. Mainly two types of teeth present -Maxillary and vomerine. Internal nares:- The pair of opening presents near the vomerine teeth. Bulging eyeballs:- These two large oval areas on the roof of the buccal cavity. Pharynx:- The pharynx consists of a Eustachian tube over the roof of it. It connects the pharynx with the middle ear. Vocal sac:- Opening of vocal sac present at the angle of the jaw which is present only in male frog during breeding season help in copulation. Tongue:- Tongue lies on the floor of the buccal c

Frog -Respiration II CutaneousII BuccopharyngealI I Pulmunocutaneous class 12th

Frog-Respiration Types of Respiration:- Cutaneous respiration Buccopharyngeal respiration Pulmonary respiration Cutaneous Respiration :- The skin of the frog is used as a respiratory organ. It is thin, moist, vascular, and permeable to gases. The O2 from outside diffuses into the blood and the Co2 from the blood diffuses out through the skin. Buccopharyngeal Respiration :- The buccal cavity and pharynx are lined with a thin mucous membrane that is moist, permeable, and vascular to gases and richly supplied with blood. The buccopharyngeal cavity is connected to the exterior by a pair of External nares, buccal cavity, and Internal nares. Inspiration :- When the throat is lowered the buccopharyngeal cavity becomes enlarged. This reduces the pressure of air in the buccopharyngeal cavity. Hence fresh a

Biology Class 11: Biological Classification Part-3 IIChapter-2II Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Protista Characteristics:- (1) Eukaryotic and Unicellular or Multicellular. (2) Protista has no definite boundary due to similar characters with Algae, Fungi, and Animals. (3) In many cases, Protista has no definite cell wall, so it resembles with Animals. (4) In some cases, it has a cell wall made up of cellulose (5) For reproduction, it will form sporangia characters of fungi. Kingdom Protista divided into the following classes:- (1) Dinoflagellates (2) Diatoms (3) Eugenides (4) Slime Moulds (5) Protozoans. Diatoms:- (1) They are also called Crysophytes contain Beta-carotene and chlorophyll-a. (2) Cell wall forms by Mannitol, Lamiran starch, and oil. (3) A cell wall composed of So2 and diatoms cell wall is Indestructible. (4) Some Diatoms combine and form Frustle and Kisselghaur by its dead body.

Kingdom Monera | Bacteria | Archaebacteria | Cyanobacteria | Mycoplasma Class 11th

Kingdom Monera Characteristics:- Eubacteria A) Bacteria are the soil members found everywhere, Hundreds of the bacteria found in a handful of the soil. B) They are also live in extreme conditions like hot springs, deserts, snow, and deep oceans. Where very few other life forms can survive. C) Mainly bacteria are Autotrophic, chemoautotrophic, and heterotrophic. D) According. To their shape, these are of 4-types. Coccus:- Spherical shaped bacteria e.g.Stephlococcus. Bacillus:- Rod-shaped bacteria,e.g.:- Bacillus thygrogenesis. Vibrio:- comma-shaped bacteria e.g. Vibrio cholera. Spiral:- Spiral shaped bacteria e.g. Spirilla. Note:- 6 th kingdom classification was given by Robert Woose . He classifies Kingdom monera into two groups Archebacteria and Eubacteria Archebacteria:- Live in halophiles,thermoacidophilous and as a methanogens due to the different composition of cell wall. e.g. Thermoacidophilous-Taq polymerase.which activate at 96c ,Meth

Human Reproductin Class 12th Notes-Male Reproductive Part

Human Reproduction The Male Reproductive Part:- It includes a pair of the testis, glands, and external genitalia. 1. The testis is present outside the abdominal cavity within a pouch-like structure called Scrotum. 2. The scrotum helps in maintaining its temperature - 2C lower than normal body temperature, because it is necessary for spermatogenesis. 3. Each testis has 250 compartments called testicular lobules. 4. Each testicular lobules contain 2-3 seminiferous tubules 5. Seminiferous tubules contain Male germ cells(Spermatogonia) and steroli cells, Male germ cells meiotically divide and form sperms. 6. Leydig's cells provide nourishment to the sperms and secrets of the Androgens hormone. 7. Male sex accessory includes Rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis, and vasa deferentia. Sperm release Pathway The male accessory glands include paired seminal vesicles , prostat

CBSE Class 12 || Chemistry in Everyday Life || Full Chapter

Chemistry in everyday life Medicines or Drugs :- The chemical substances helping of human body or an animal either from tratment of disease or to reduce suffering from pains,are called Medicines or Drugs . Chemotherpy :- The branch of science which deals with the study of tratment of disease using medicines ,is known as chemotherpy :- e.g. Cancer tratment. Classification of Medicines :- Antiseptics :- The medicines which are used to bring down the body temperature during high fever .e.g. Paracetamol,Novalgin,Quninoe,Aspirin,etc. Aspirin NOte :- Paracetamol is prefered over aspirin as an antipyretics beacause aspirine gets hydrolysed in the stomach to salicyclic acid,which causes "Ulcer" in stomach from where bleeding may take place. Paracetamol Antimalarials :- The medicines which are used to br

Features ,Distribution and Habit of family -Brassicaceae(cruciferae)

Brassicaceae Diagnostic feature :- (1) Plants herbs with characterstics pungent sulphur smell. (2) Flowers ebractate,bimerous,hypogynous. (3) Inflorescence corymb or corymbose raceme. (4) Sepals 4,polysepalous,in two whoral of two each. (5) Petals 4,polyandrous,cruciform,uniguiculate. (6) Stemans 6 ,polyandrous,tetradynamous. (7) Gynoecium bicarpellary,syncarpous,ovary superiorbecomes bilocular by a false septum,parietal placentation. (8) Fruit siliqua or silicula. Distribution and habits :- The family has 375 genera and 3000 species .Plants are cosmopolitian but occur more frequently in colder regions ,plants are mostly herbs,which may be annuals ,biennial or perinnials .Plants have juices due of sulphur containing glucosides. Brasscia napus (Rapeseeds) Root :- Tap root system .Primary root may store food (raddish). Stem :- Herbeceous ,erect,cylindrical rarely,woody,often re